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The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link ((デンマーク語:Femern Bælt-forbindelsen), (ドイツ語:Fehmarnbelt-Querung)) is a planned immersed tunnel that is proposed to connect the German island of Fehmarn with the Danish island of Lolland. This would cross over the Fehmarn Belt in the Baltic Sea – wide – hence providing a direct link by railway and highway between northern Germany and Lolland, and thence to the Danish island of Zealand and Copenhagen. This route is known in German as the ''Vogelfluglinie'' and in Danish as the ''Fugleflugtslinjen'' (literally, "bird flight line", indicating this major bird migration route). Fehmarn is already connected by bridge with the German mainland, and Lolland is already connected by a tunnel and bridges with Zealand over the island Falster. Furthermore, Zealand is already connected with the Swedish coast via the Øresund Bridge. Although there is already a fixed connection between Zealand and Germany, going via the Great Belt, Funen and Jutland, the Fehmarn Belt fixed link would provide an easier and speedier route from Germany to Zealand, Sweden, and Norway. The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link was tentatively expected to be completed in the year 2018,〔(Multi billion euro Denmark/Germany bridge link ) trend-news〕 but in 2012 the completion date was estimated to be 2021 and in 2015 further pushed to 2024.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.femern.com/Material+folder/Documents/2012+publications/Time+schedule+for+the+Fehmarnbelt+coast-to-coast+project+April+2012.pdf )〕 Although originally conceived as a bridge, Femern A/S (the Danish state-owned company tasked with designing and planning the link) announced in December 2010 that a tunnel was preferable,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-01-02 )〕and the tunnel idea received support from a large majority of the Danish parliament in January 2011.〔 In February 2015, the draft bill for the construction was introduced to the Danish parliament, and the Danish government submitted an application for DKK 13 billion (€1.7 billion) in EU grants, supported by Germany and Sweden.〔"(Analyse: Femern Bælt-forbindelsen gør Danmark og Europa rigere )" (Report, 1MB ). ''Danish Ministry of Transport'', 8 January 2015. Accessed: 8 January 2015.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 )〕〔(Fermern A/S: ''What is the status of Femern A/S’ work on the tunnel under the Fehmarnbelt?'' ) Linked 2015-03-06〕 In June 2015, €589m of EU funding was awarded to Denmark by the European Commission under its Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) scheme, allowing the tunnel project to go ahead. ==Project== Beginning at least as early as 2000, German and Danish transportation planners pushed for a "fixed link"—either a bridge or a tunnel—across the Fehmarn Strait. A bridge was for years regarded the most likely scheme, but in late 2010 the Danish project planners declared that an immersed tunnel would present fewer construction risks and cost about the same.〔 When the Danish ''Folketing'' (parliament) ratified the project in March 2009, its cost was estimated at 42 billion Danish kroner (€5 billion). This cost included €1.5 billion for other improvements such as electrifying and improving 160 km of railway from single-track to double-track on the Danish side. In 2011 this was increased to a total of €5.5 billion (at 2008 prices), although this will attract an expected EU subsidy of between €600 million and €1.2 billion. Construction estimates cover the period from 1 April 1998 until the opening of the fixed link in 2021. New bridges at Fehmarn Sound (1 km) and Storstrøm (slightly more than 3 km long) would be needed. However, according to the treaty, the bridges do not have to be replaced.〔(Tekniske løsningsmodeller for de danske landanlæg )〕 An upgrade of the Storstrom Bridge is however planned.〔(En ny bro over Storstrømmen )〕 Also, the double-track railway construction in Germany may be delayed by up to seven years, according to the treaty. The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link and its double-tracks will shorten the rail journey from Hamburg to Copenhagen from four hours and 45 minutes to three hours and 15 minutes. According to current plans there will be one passenger train and two freight trains in each direction per hour.〔 Hence, there will probably be congestion and delays on the German side of the bridge, with this much traffic, if the track widening is delayed. The highway between Copenhagen and Hamburg is already a motorway except for 25 km in Germany (35 km before 2008). The rest is a two-lane expressway. The highway will be widened to a motorway except where it meets the Fehmarn Sound bridge. This project is comparable in size to that of the Øresund Bridge or the Great Belt Bridge. According to a report released on 30 November 2010 by Femern A/S (a subsidiary of the Danish state-owned Sund & Bælt Holding A/S), the company tasked with designing and planning the link between Denmark and Germany, the corridor for the alignment of the link has now been determined and will be sited in a corridor running east of the ferry ports of Puttgarden and Rødbyhavn.〔() Newsletter from Femern A/S〕 The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link will be financed by state-guaranteed loans, which will be paid by the road and train tolls. Denmark will be solely responsible for guaranteeing the funding of the project at an estimated cost of 35 billion kroner or (€4.7 billion)〔(Danmark hænger på Femern-regning, Danmarks Radio 29 June 2007 )〕 and German participation will be limited to the development of the land-based facilities on the German side.〔(Tiefensee: Durchbruch für feste Fehmarnbeltquerung, German ministry of transport 29 June 2007 )〕 The government of Denmark will own the fixed link outright, will be allowed to keep tolls after the loans have been repaid, and will enjoy any employment opportunities at the toll station. The fees are also planned to pay for the Danish railway upgrading. On the German side, the road will be upgraded to four lanes and the railway to double track and, according to the treaty, paid by the German tax payers rather than by user tolls. The European Union has designated this project as one of the 30 prioritised transport infrastructure projects (TEN-T) and will support the project with a contribution, probably around 5–10%, amounting to an expected €600 million to €1.2 billion. The project is expected to have 5% rate of return for Europe.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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